ABSTRACT
Objective: Peritraumatic reactions feature prominently among the main predictors for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Peritraumatic tonic immobility (PTI), a less investigated but equally important type of peritraumatic response, has been recently attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians for its close association with traumatic reactions and PTSD. Our objective was to investigate the role of PTI, peritraumatic panic, and dissociation as predictors of PTSD symptoms in a cohort of police recruits (n=132). Methods: Participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires during academy training and after the first year of work: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C), Physical Reactions Subscale (PRS), Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS), and Critical Incident History Questionnaire. Results: Employing a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model, we found that each additional point in the TIS was associated with a 9% increment in PCL-C mean scores (RM = 1.09), whereas for PRS, the increment was 7% (RM = 1.07). As the severity of peritraumatic dissociation increased one point in the PDEQ, the chance of having at least one symptom in the PCL-C increased 22% (OR = 1.22). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to expand investigation on the incidence and impact of PTI on the mental health of police officers. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/physiology , Leukemia/pathology , Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Oncogenes , Repressor Proteins/physiology , Apoptosis , Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics , Flow Cytometry , Leukemia/genetics , Leukemia/metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Repressor Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
We have investigated the function and mechanisms of the CARM1-SNF5 complex in T3-dependent transcriptional activation. Using specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to knock down coactivators in HeLa alpha2 cells, we found that coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) and SWI/SNF complex component 5 (SNF5) are important for T3-dependent transcriptional activation. The CARM1- SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex serves as a mechanism for the rapid reversal of H3-K9 methylation. Importantly, siRNA treatment against CARM1 and/or SNF5 increased the recruitment of HMTase G9a to the type 1 deiodinase (D1) promoter even with T3. Knocking- down either CARM1 or SNF5 also inhibited the down- regulation of histone macroH2A, which is correlated with transcriptional activation. Finally, knocking down CARM1 and SNF5 by siRNA impaired the association of these coactivators to the D1 promoter, suggesting functional importance of CARM1- SNF5 complex in T3-dependent transcriptional activation.